Objective:
To evaluate the accuracy of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) estimates from various smartwatches among Hispanic adults.
Approach:
- Study Design: Investigators enrolled 58 Hispanic adults aged 18 to 50 years, using five wrist-worn devices to measure PAEE, compared against the COSMED K5 metabolic system.
- Participants: Mean age of participants was 23 years; 31 (53%) were female, with varying body mass index and Fitzpatrick skin types III to V.
- Data Analysis: Mixed-effects models were used to analyze the data, accounting for device, body fat percentage, Fitzpatrick skin type, and interactions.
Key Findings:
- Mean bias in PAEE estimates varied by device: 22 kcal (Apple), 69 kcal (Garmin), 57 kcal (Samsung), and 3 kcal (Fitbit).
- Mean absolute percentage error was 36% (Apple), 78% (Garmin), 66% (Samsung), and 32% (Fitbit).
- Higher body fat percentage was associated with greater bias and error across devices.
- No significant association was found between Fitzpatrick skin type and absolute percentage error.
Interpretation:
Investigators found that smartwatch PAEE estimates differ significantly by device and are influenced by body fat percentage, but not by Fitzpatrick skin type.
Limitations:
- Limited sample size, particularly for Fitzpatrick type V skin, may affect the ability to detect skin-tone effects.
- Controlled cycling protocol may not generalize to other activities or populations.
- Simultaneous use of multiple devices could impact sensor contact and fit.
Conclusion:
The study highlights device-specific differences in PAEE estimation accuracy.
Sources:
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