Objective:

To analyze the number of physicians and nurses from 19 countries affected by a December 2025 US immigration ban and their impact on the US healthcare workforce.

Key Findings:

• In 2023, there were 23,745 physicians and 56,332 nurses from banned countries in the US workforce.
• Physician inflow from banned countries increased from 350 in 2010 to 459 in 2023, making up about 2.5% of total physician inflow.
• Nurse inflow rose from 189 in 2010 to 368 in 2022, accounting for approximately 1% of total nurse inflow.
• Counties with at least one physician from a banned country had 2.4 times the odds of being designated a primary care Health Professional Shortage Area.
• Counties with at least one nurse from a banned country had 1.7 times the odds of being designated a primary care Health Professional Shortage Area.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• The study could not determine immigration status, physician specialty, or whether all clinicians who immigrated ultimately practiced clinically in the US.
• It could not evaluate potential causal effects of the immigration ban.

Conclusion: