Infectious disease content commonly referenced by physicians includes major treatment guidelines, antimicrobial resistance guidance, pivotal prevention and treatment trials, antiviral and antibacterial therapies, and clinical severity tools. The following 10-item framework reflects widely used sources that inform infectious disease care.

1. Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Negative Guidance — The IDSA guidance addresses treatment of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales, AmpC beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

2.  IDSA COVID-19 Treatment Guideline Update — The IDSA updated its clinical practice guideline on COVID-19 treatment and management, issuing nine revised recommendations on nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and molnupiravir for adults with mild to moderate COVID-19. The recommendations were informed by a systematic review of the literature and developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework to assess evidence certainty and recommendation strength. The update also includes guidance on applying the recommendations in clinical practice, including an antiviral selection algorithm.

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis Guideline — The CDC recommends counseling men who have sex with men and transgender women diagnosed with a bacterial sexually transmitted infection within the previous 12 months that doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis can be used to help prevent syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea, with 200 mg taken within 72 hours following sexual exposure.

4. HIV Medicine Association and Infectious Diseases Society of America/IDSA Primary Care Guidance for Patients With HIV — Updated guidance from the HIV Medicine Association and Infectious Diseases Society of America addresses comprehensive primary care for patients with HIV, including antiretroviral therapy access and continuity, preventive care, cancer screening, vaccination, sexual health, management of comorbidities, and care considerations for pediatric, adolescent, pregnant, and transgender patients.

5.  DoxyPEP Trial — In the randomized DoxyPEP trial involving men who have sex with men and transgender women with a recent bacterial sexually transmitted infection, doxycycline taken within 72 hours following condomless sex was associated with lower rates of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis compared with standard care.

6.  CENTERSTONE Trial — In the phase 3b CENTERSTONE trial, single-dose baloxavir marboxil administered within 48 hours following influenza symptom onset was associated with lower transmission of laboratory-confirmed influenza to household contacts compared with placebo across the 2019 to 2024 influenza seasons.

7. CERTAIN-1 Trial — In the phase 3 CERTAIN-1 trial involving hospitalized adults with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis, cefepime-taniborbactam demonstrated higher rates of microbiologic and clinical success compared with meropenem, with similar rates of serious adverse events between treatment groups.

8.  Lenacapavir for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis — Following US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2025, CDC guidance identified injectable lenacapavir administered every 6 months as an HIV preexposure prophylaxis option for patients weighing at least 35 kg, based on randomized trial data demonstrating reduced HIV incidence during 52 weeks of follow-up.

9.  Cefepime and Enmetazobactam — US Food and Drug Administration labeling states that cefepime and enmetazobactam is indicated for adults 18 years and older with complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, caused by designated susceptible microorganisms.

10. American Thoracic Society/IDSA Community-Acquired Pneumonia Guideline — Updated clinical practice guidelines for adult community-acquired pneumonia from the American Thoracic Society and IDSA include recommendations on diagnostic testing, site-of-care decisions, empiric antibiotic selection, and treatment management, informed by systematic evidence reviews and newer therapeutic and epidemiologic data.

Sources: Infectious Diseases Society of America, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clinical Infectious Diseases, New England Journal of Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, American Thoracic Society